{"id":27037,"date":"2022-06-10T14:30:36","date_gmt":"2022-06-10T06:30:36","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.accscicn.com\/?p=27037"},"modified":"2022-10-20T14:59:10","modified_gmt":"2022-10-20T06:59:10","slug":"liga_app_02","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.accscicn.com\/en\/solutions\/nanofabrication\/liga_app_02\/","title":{"rendered":"UV-LIGA Electroforming | Preparation of fine metal mesh panels with large thickness and high porosity"},"content":{"rendered":"<div data-elementor-type=\"wp-post\" data-elementor-id=\"27037\" class=\"elementor elementor-27037\" data-elementor-post-type=\"post\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-6542ce03 elementor-section-full_width elementor-section-stretched elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"6542ce03\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;stretch_section&quot;:&quot;section-stretched&quot;,&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-2ccea07c\" data-id=\"2ccea07c\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-inner-section elementor-element elementor-element-4667f707 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"4667f707\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-1c040766\" data-id=\"1c040766\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1c1187c6 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"1c1187c6\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<style>\/*! elementor - v3.21.0 - 20-05-2024 *\/\n.elementor-heading-title{padding:0;margin:0;line-height:1}.elementor-widget-heading .elementor-heading-title[class*=elementor-size-]>a{color:inherit;font-size:inherit;line-height:inherit}.elementor-widget-heading .elementor-heading-title.elementor-size-small{font-size:15px}.elementor-widget-heading .elementor-heading-title.elementor-size-medium{font-size:19px}.elementor-widget-heading .elementor-heading-title.elementor-size-large{font-size:29px}.elementor-widget-heading .elementor-heading-title.elementor-size-xl{font-size:39px}.elementor-widget-heading .elementor-heading-title.elementor-size-xxl{font-size:59px}<\/style><h3 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">UV-LIGA Electroforming | Manufacturing Metal Array Stencil<\/h3>\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1edbd89b elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"1edbd89b\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<style>\/*! elementor - v3.21.0 - 20-05-2024 *\/\n.elementor-widget-text-editor.elementor-drop-cap-view-stacked .elementor-drop-cap{background-color:#69727d;color:#fff}.elementor-widget-text-editor.elementor-drop-cap-view-framed .elementor-drop-cap{color:#69727d;border:3px solid;background-color:transparent}.elementor-widget-text-editor:not(.elementor-drop-cap-view-default) .elementor-drop-cap{margin-top:8px}.elementor-widget-text-editor:not(.elementor-drop-cap-view-default) .elementor-drop-cap-letter{width:1em;height:1em}.elementor-widget-text-editor .elementor-drop-cap{float:left;text-align:center;line-height:1;font-size:50px}.elementor-widget-text-editor .elementor-drop-cap-letter{display:inline-block}<\/style>\t\t\t\t<p><span style=\"color: #051c2c; font-family: \u5fae\u8f6f\u96c5\u9ed1; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; background-color: var( --e-global-color-astglobalcolor5 );\">At present, the main process technologies for preparing fine metal stencil are: photolithography-etching, laser processing and photolithography-electroforming. The photolithography-etching method with chemical or electrochemical dissolution as the main process has high processing efficiency and smooth structure surface, but it is difficult to produce high aspect ratio and high resolution microstructure due to the isotropic etching behavior of the metal. Laser processing is a non-contact processing method with fast processing speed and easy automatic control, but the roughness of the processed wall surface and the existence of remelting layer limit its application in the processing of fine graphic structures with low precision. The mesh plate prepared by photolithography-electroforming process tends to have high accuracy and unrestricted hole shape with smooth walls and large opening rate. This technology is currently the main processing method for manufacturing high-performance fine metal mesh sheet in the industry is quite concerned.<\/span><\/p><p style=\"text-align: center;\"><span style=\"color: #051c2c; font-family: \u5fae\u8f6f\u96c5\u9ed1; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; background-color: var( --e-global-color-astglobalcolor5 );\"><img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-27042\" src=\"https:\/\/www.accscicn.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/06\/\u5fae\u4fe1\u56fe\u7247_20220610140429.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"493\" height=\"308\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.accscicn.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/06\/\u5fae\u4fe1\u56fe\u7247_20220610140429.png 493w, https:\/\/www.accscicn.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/06\/\u5fae\u4fe1\u56fe\u7247_20220610140429-300x187.png 300w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 493px) 100vw, 493px\" \/><\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"font-family: \u5fae\u8f6f\u96c5\u9ed1; color: #051c2c;\">Fine metal mesh panels with regular dense array of tiny group holes are widely used in chemical fiber, precision instruments, aerospace and other fields. Such as textile industry spinnerets and printing mesh, fine filter mesh, particle sieving mesh, vacuum fluorescent display grid, surface mount mesh<\/span><span style=\"color: #051c2c; font-family: \u5fae\u8f6f\u96c5\u9ed1; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; background-color: var( --e-global-color-astglobalcolor5 );\">The mesh panels are used in the production of inkjet printer nozzles, etc. Porosity refers to the percentage of mesh area per unit area and is an important technical indicator of mesh panels. High porosity is of great relevance for certain applications of metal mesh panels. For example, the higher the open aperture rate, the higher the filtration (sieving) efficiency of the metal filter (screen) mesh overflow. However, under the established mesh shape characteristics and process conditions, the increase in perforation is often limited by the thickness of the mesh to be made. The larger the open aperture rate, the smaller the width of the tendons, the greater the height to width ratio of the structural characteristics of the tendons (the ratio of plate thickness to the width of the tendons). On the other hand, under certain conditions, the greater the thickness of the mesh plate, the greater the performance and life of the mesh plate is guaranteed. However, in the reality of production is limited to the existing manufacturing technology process capabilities, have to compromise between the perforation rate and the thickness of the balance. To explore the preparation process of high performance fine metal mesh with large thickness and high porosity is still one of the important research topics in the related industry and academia, and the fundamental problem is to solve the manufacturing problem of high aspect ratio metal microstructure characteristics.<\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"font-family: \u5fae\u8f6f\u96c5\u9ed1; color: #051c2c;\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p><p>UV-LIGA technology based on SU-8 adhesive is a low process cost high aspect ratio microstructure fabrication technology that has been rapidly developed in recent years, mainly including lithography, micro electroforming and plastic casting, etc. The 3 process steps are a new expansion of the above combined lithography-electroforming process technology. It has strong process capability in manufacturing high aspect ratio fine metal structures and devices, based on which micro coils, micro probes, micro flow channels, micro switches, micro reactors and other metal microfabrication devices have been fabricated.<span style=\"font-family: \u5fae\u8f6f\u96c5\u9ed1; color: #051c2c;\"><br \/><\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"background-color: var( --e-global-color-astglobalcolor5 ); font-size: 1rem;\">UV-LIGA technology uses deep ultraviolet light from conventional exposure machines for IC manufacturing instead of synchrotron X-rays to lithograph thick glues to obtain glued microstructures, which are then used as electroforming molds for metallization and de-gluing to obtain the desired metal microstructures. UV-LIGA extends the several micron lithography process in IC production to the tens or even hundreds of micron thick lithography, and still retains the high precision and high resolution in IC process. Compared with LIGA technology, it can obtain microstructures with high aspect ratios while greatly reducing the equipment requirements, based on which micro coils, micro probes, micro flow channels, micro switches, micro reactors and other metal micro devices have been fabricated. Moreover, the compatibility with IC production lines is also much better than that of LIGA technology, thus greatly reducing the production cost and gaining more and more attention.<\/span><\/p><p>\u00a0<\/p><table width=\"435\" cellspacing=\"0\" cellpadding=\"0\"><colgroup> <col style=\"width: 169.50pt;\" width=\"226\" \/> <col style=\"width: 141.00pt;\" width=\"188\" \/> <col style=\"width: 125.25pt;\" width=\"167\" \/><\/colgroup><tbody><tr style=\"height: 13.50pt;\"><td style=\"word-break: break-all; margin: 5px 10px;\" width=\"169\" height=\"13\">\u00a0<\/td><td style=\"margin: 5px 10px;\" width=\"141\"><span style=\"font-family: \u5fae\u8f6f\u96c5\u9ed1; color: #051c2c;\">LIGA Technology<\/span><\/td><td style=\"margin: 5px 10px;\" width=\"125\"><span style=\"font-family: \u5fae\u8f6f\u96c5\u9ed1; color: #051c2c;\">UV-LIGA technology<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr style=\"height: 13.50pt;\"><td style=\"margin: 5px 10px;\" height=\"13\"><span style=\"font-family: \u5fae\u8f6f\u96c5\u9ed1; color: #051c2c;\">Light source<\/span><\/td><td style=\"margin: 5px 10px;\"><span style=\"font-family: \u5fae\u8f6f\u96c5\u9ed1; color: #051c2c;\">Synchrotron X-ray<\/span><\/td><td style=\"margin: 5px 10px;\"><span style=\"font-family: \u5fae\u8f6f\u96c5\u9ed1; color: #051c2c;\">Conventional UV light (wavelength of 350~450nm)<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr style=\"height: 13.50pt;\"><td style=\"margin: 5px 10px;\" height=\"13\"><span style=\"font-family: \u5fae\u8f6f\u96c5\u9ed1; color: #051c2c;\">Mask template<\/span><\/td><td style=\"margin: 5px 10px;\"><span style=\"font-family: \u5fae\u8f6f\u96c5\u9ed1; color: #051c2c;\">X-ray mask template with Au as absorber<\/span><\/td><td style=\"margin: 5px 10px;\"><span style=\"font-family: \u5fae\u8f6f\u96c5\u9ed1; color: #051c2c;\">Standard Cr mask template<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr style=\"height: 13.50pt;\"><td style=\"margin: 5px 10px;\" height=\"13\"><span style=\"font-family: \u5fae\u8f6f\u96c5\u9ed1; color: #051c2c;\">Photoresist<\/span><\/td><td style=\"margin: 5px 10px;\"><span style=\"font-family: \u5fae\u8f6f\u96c5\u9ed1; color: #051c2c;\">Commonly used polymethyl methacrylate PMMA<\/span><\/td><td style=\"margin: 5px 10px;\"><span style=\"font-family: \u5fae\u8f6f\u96c5\u9ed1; color: #051c2c;\">Positive and negative photoresists, polyimide, SU-8 adhesive<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr style=\"height: 13.50pt;\"><td style=\"margin: 5px 10px;\" height=\"13\"><span style=\"font-family: \u5fae\u8f6f\u96c5\u9ed1; color: #051c2c;\">Aspect Ratio<\/span><\/td><td style=\"margin: 5px 10px;\"><span style=\"font-family: \u5fae\u8f6f\u96c5\u9ed1; color: #051c2c;\">Generally &gt;100, up to 500<\/span><\/td><td style=\"margin: 5px 10px;\"><span style=\"font-family: \u5fae\u8f6f\u96c5\u9ed1; color: #051c2c;\">General<\/span>\uff1e<span style=\"font-family: \u5fae\u8f6f\u96c5\u9ed1; color: #051c2c;\">10,up to 50<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr style=\"height: 13.50pt;\"><td style=\"margin: 5px 10px;\" height=\"13\"><span style=\"font-family: \u5fae\u8f6f\u96c5\u9ed1; color: #051c2c;\">Thickness of rubber mold<\/span><\/td><td style=\"margin: 5px 10px;\"><span style=\"font-family: \u5fae\u8f6f\u96c5\u9ed1; color: #051c2c;\">Tens of microns to several centimeters<\/span><\/td><td style=\"margin: 5px 10px;\"><span style=\"font-family: \u5fae\u8f6f\u96c5\u9ed1; color: #051c2c;\">A few microns ~ several millimeters<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr style=\"height: 13.50pt;\"><td style=\"margin: 5px 10px;\" height=\"13\"><span style=\"font-family: \u5fae\u8f6f\u96c5\u9ed1; color: #051c2c;\">Production costs<\/span><\/td><td style=\"margin: 5px 10px;\"><span style=\"font-family: \u5fae\u8f6f\u96c5\u9ed1; color: #051c2c;\">Very high<\/span><\/td><td style=\"margin: 5px 10px;\"><span style=\"font-family: \u5fae\u8f6f\u96c5\u9ed1; color: #051c2c;\">is lower, about 1% of the left one<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr style=\"height: 13.50pt;\"><td style=\"margin: 5px 10px;\" height=\"13\"><span style=\"font-family: \u5fae\u8f6f\u96c5\u9ed1; color: #051c2c;\">Sidewall verticality<\/span><\/td><td style=\"margin: 5px 10px;\"><span style=\"font-family: \u5fae\u8f6f\u96c5\u9ed1; color: #051c2c;\">Can be greater than 89.9\u00b0<\/span><\/td><td style=\"margin: 5px 10px;\"><span style=\"font-family: \u5fae\u8f6f\u96c5\u9ed1; color: #051c2c;\">Up to 88\u00b0<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr style=\"height: 13.50pt;\"><td style=\"margin: 5px 10px;\" height=\"13\"><span style=\"font-family: \u5fae\u8f6f\u96c5\u9ed1; color: #051c2c;\">Minimum size<\/span><\/td><td style=\"margin: 5px 10px;\"><span style=\"font-family: \u5fae\u8f6f\u96c5\u9ed1; color: #051c2c;\">Submicron<\/span><\/td><td style=\"margin: 5px 10px;\"><span style=\"font-family: \u5fae\u8f6f\u96c5\u9ed1; color: #051c2c;\">1~several microns<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr style=\"height: 13.50pt;\"><td style=\"margin: 5px 10px;\" height=\"13\"><span style=\"font-family: \u5fae\u8f6f\u96c5\u9ed1; color: #051c2c;\">Processing temperature<\/span><\/td><td style=\"margin: 5px 10px;\"><span style=\"font-family: \u5fae\u8f6f\u96c5\u9ed1; color: #051c2c;\">Room temperature to about 5\u00b0<\/span><\/td><td style=\"margin: 5px 10px;\"><span style=\"font-family: \u5fae\u8f6f\u96c5\u9ed1; color: #051c2c;\">Room temperature to about 5\u00b0<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr style=\"height: 13.50pt;\"><td style=\"margin: 5px 10px;\" height=\"13\"><span style=\"font-family: \u5fae\u8f6f\u96c5\u9ed1; color: #051c2c;\">Processing materials<\/span><\/td><td style=\"margin: 5px 10px;\"><span style=\"font-family: \u5fae\u8f6f\u96c5\u9ed1; color: #051c2c;\">Various materials such as metal, ceramic and plastic<\/span><\/td><td style=\"margin: 5px 10px;\"><span style=\"font-family: \u5fae\u8f6f\u96c5\u9ed1; color: #051c2c;\">A variety of metals, ceramics and plastics<\/span><\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-7cb93832 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" 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