{"id":29805,"date":"2024-10-28T19:08:32","date_gmt":"2024-10-28T11:08:32","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.accscicn.com\/?p=29805"},"modified":"2025-03-14T13:56:18","modified_gmt":"2025-03-14T05:56:18","slug":"2024_nobel_prize","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.accscicn.com\/es\/vision\/premio_nobel_2024\/","title":{"rendered":"2024 Premio Nobel de F\u00edsica."},"content":{"rendered":"<div data-elementor-type=\"wp-post\" data-elementor-id=\"29805\" class=\"elementor elementor-29805\" data-elementor-post-type=\"post\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-inner-section elementor-element elementor-element-1f67c626 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"1f67c626\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-73504c79\" data-id=\"73504c79\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-30edf5d1 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"30edf5d1\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<style>\/*! elementor - v3.21.0 - 20-05-2024 *\/\n.elementor-heading-title{padding:0;margin:0;line-height:1}.elementor-widget-heading .elementor-heading-title[class*=elementor-size-]>a{color:inherit;font-size:inherit;line-height:inherit}.elementor-widget-heading .elementor-heading-title.elementor-size-small{font-size:15px}.elementor-widget-heading .elementor-heading-title.elementor-size-medium{font-size:19px}.elementor-widget-heading .elementor-heading-title.elementor-size-large{font-size:29px}.elementor-widget-heading .elementor-heading-title.elementor-size-xl{font-size:39px}.elementor-widget-heading .elementor-heading-title.elementor-size-xxl{font-size:59px}<\/style><h3 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Anuncio del Premio Nobel de F\u00edsica 2024<\/h3>\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1dcd72f elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"1dcd72f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<style>\/*! elementor - v3.21.0 - 20-05-2024 *\/\n.elementor-widget-text-editor.elementor-drop-cap-view-stacked .elementor-drop-cap{background-color:#69727d;color:#fff}.elementor-widget-text-editor.elementor-drop-cap-view-framed .elementor-drop-cap{color:#69727d;border:3px solid;background-color:transparent}.elementor-widget-text-editor:not(.elementor-drop-cap-view-default) .elementor-drop-cap{margin-top:8px}.elementor-widget-text-editor:not(.elementor-drop-cap-view-default) .elementor-drop-cap-letter{width:1em;height:1em}.elementor-widget-text-editor .elementor-drop-cap{float:left;text-align:center;line-height:1;font-size:50px}.elementor-widget-text-editor .elementor-drop-cap-letter{display:inline-block}<\/style>\t\t\t\t<p>El Premio Nobel de F\u00edsica 2024 se anunci\u00f3 el 8 de octubre hacia las 17:45 (hora peninsular espa\u00f1ola). John J. Hopfield, cient\u00edfico de la Universidad de Princeton (Estados Unidos), y Geoffrey E. Hinton, cient\u00edfico de la Universidad de Toronto (Canad\u00e1), han sido galardonados por sus \"descubrimientos e invenciones fundamentales basados en redes neuronales artificiales que permiten el aprendizaje autom\u00e1tico\".<\/p><p><img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-29809\" src=\"https:\/\/www.accscicn.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/10\/ai.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"992\" height=\"656\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.accscicn.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/10\/ai.png 992w, https:\/\/www.accscicn.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/10\/ai-300x198.png 300w, https:\/\/www.accscicn.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/10\/ai-768x508.png 768w, https:\/\/www.accscicn.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/10\/ai-18x12.png 18w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 992px) 100vw, 992px\" \/><\/p><p>Utilizan la f\u00edsica para entrenar redes neuronales artificiales<\/p><p>John J. Hopfield cre\u00f3 una memoria asociativa que almacena y reconstruye patrones de im\u00e1genes y otros tipos de datos. Geoffrey Hinton invent\u00f3 un m\u00e9todo que descubre autom\u00e1ticamente atributos en los datos para realizar tareas como el reconocimiento de elementos espec\u00edficos en una imagen. reconocer elementos concretos de una imagen.<\/p><p>Cuando hablamos de inteligencia artificial, solemos referirnos al aprendizaje autom\u00e1tico mediante redes neuronales artificiales. Esta t\u00e9cnica se inspir\u00f3 originalmente en la estructura del cerebro. En una red neuronal artificial, las neuronas del cerebro est\u00e1n representadas por nodos con distintos valores. Estos nodos interact\u00faan entre s\u00ed a trav\u00e9s de conexiones que pueden compararse a sinapsis y pueden reforzarse o debilitarse. Por ejemplo, la red se entrena creando conexiones m\u00e1s fuertes entre nodos que tambi\u00e9n tienen valores altos. Los ganadores de este a\u00f1o llevan realizando importantes trabajos sobre redes neuronales artificiales desde la d\u00e9cada de 1980.<\/p><p>John Hopfield invent\u00f3 una red que pod\u00eda utilizar un m\u00e9todo para conservar y reconstruir patrones. La red de Hopfield utiliza la f\u00edsica para describir las propiedades de un material debido a su esp\u00edn at\u00f3mico, una propiedad que convierte a cada \u00e1tomo en un peque\u00f1o im\u00e1n. Toda la red se describe de forma equivalente a las energ\u00edas que se encuentran en los sistemas de esp\u00edn en f\u00edsica, y se entrena buscando valores para las conexiones entre nodos de forma que las im\u00e1genes guardadas tengan una energ\u00eda baja. Cuando la red Hopfield recibe una imagen distorsionada o incompleta, pasa met\u00f3dicamente por los nodos y actualiza sus valores para que la energ\u00eda de la red disminuya. As\u00ed, la red va encontrando poco a poco la imagen guardada que m\u00e1s se parece a la imagen imperfecta que se le ha suministrado.<\/p><p>Geoffrey Hinton utiliz\u00f3 la red de Hopfield como base para la nueva red, que adopta un enfoque diferente: la m\u00e1quina de Boltzmann. Hinton utiliz\u00f3 las herramientas de la f\u00edsica estad\u00edstica, una ciencia de sistemas compuesta por muchos elementos similares. La m\u00e1quina se entrena aliment\u00e1ndola con ejemplos que es probable que se produzcan cuando est\u00e9 funcionando realmente. Una m\u00e1quina de Boltzmann puede utilizarse para clasificar im\u00e1genes o crear nuevos ejemplos para el tipo de patr\u00f3n con el que se ha entrenado. y Hinton se bas\u00f3 en este trabajo para ayudar a poner en marcha la actual explosi\u00f3n del aprendizaje autom\u00e1tico.<\/p><p>\"El trabajo de los ganadores ya est\u00e1 aportando enormes beneficios. En f\u00edsica, utilizamos redes neuronales artificiales en una amplia gama de \u00e1reas, por ejemplo para desarrollar nuevos materiales con propiedades espec\u00edficas\". Ellen Moons, Presidenta del Comit\u00e9 Nobel de F\u00edsica, ha declarado.<\/p><p>\u00a0<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-abb81f4 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"abb81f4\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><strong>Biograf\u00edas de los ganadores<\/strong><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-df6af43 elementor-widget elementor-widget-image-gallery\" data-id=\"df6af43\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image-gallery.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<style>\/*! elementor - v3.21.0 - 20-05-2024 *\/\n.elementor-image-gallery .gallery-item{display:inline-block;text-align:center;vertical-align:top;width:100%;max-width:100%;margin:0 auto}.elementor-image-gallery .gallery-item img{margin:0 auto}.elementor-image-gallery .gallery-item .gallery-caption{margin:0}.elementor-image-gallery figure img{display:block}.elementor-image-gallery figure figcaption{width:100%}.gallery-spacing-custom .elementor-image-gallery .gallery-icon{padding:0}@media (min-width:768px){.elementor-image-gallery .gallery-columns-2 .gallery-item{max-width:50%}.elementor-image-gallery .gallery-columns-3 .gallery-item{max-width:33.33%}.elementor-image-gallery .gallery-columns-4 .gallery-item{max-width:25%}.elementor-image-gallery .gallery-columns-5 .gallery-item{max-width:20%}.elementor-image-gallery .gallery-columns-6 .gallery-item{max-width:16.666%}.elementor-image-gallery .gallery-columns-7 .gallery-item{max-width:14.28%}.elementor-image-gallery .gallery-columns-8 .gallery-item{max-width:12.5%}.elementor-image-gallery .gallery-columns-9 .gallery-item{max-width:11.11%}.elementor-image-gallery .gallery-columns-10 .gallery-item{max-width:10%}}@media (min-width:480px) and (max-width:767px){.elementor-image-gallery .gallery.gallery-columns-2 .gallery-item,.elementor-image-gallery .gallery.gallery-columns-3 .gallery-item,.elementor-image-gallery .gallery.gallery-columns-4 .gallery-item,.elementor-image-gallery .gallery.gallery-columns-5 .gallery-item,.elementor-image-gallery .gallery.gallery-columns-6 .gallery-item,.elementor-image-gallery .gallery.gallery-columns-7 .gallery-item,.elementor-image-gallery .gallery.gallery-columns-8 .gallery-item,.elementor-image-gallery .gallery.gallery-columns-9 .gallery-item,.elementor-image-gallery .gallery.gallery-columns-10 .gallery-item{max-width:50%}}@media (max-width:479px){.elementor-image-gallery .gallery.gallery-columns-2 .gallery-item,.elementor-image-gallery .gallery.gallery-columns-3 .gallery-item,.elementor-image-gallery .gallery.gallery-columns-4 .gallery-item,.elementor-image-gallery .gallery.gallery-columns-5 .gallery-item,.elementor-image-gallery .gallery.gallery-columns-6 .gallery-item,.elementor-image-gallery .gallery.gallery-columns-7 .gallery-item,.elementor-image-gallery .gallery.gallery-columns-8 .gallery-item,.elementor-image-gallery .gallery.gallery-columns-9 .gallery-item,.elementor-image-gallery .gallery.gallery-columns-10 .gallery-item{max-width:100%}}<\/style>\t\t<div class=\"elementor-image-gallery\">\n\t\t\t<div id='gallery-1' class='gallery galleryid-29805 gallery-columns-2 gallery-size-medium_large'><figure class='gallery-item'>\n\t\t\t<div class='gallery-icon landscape'>\n\t\t\t\t<a data-elementor-open-lightbox=\"yes\" data-elementor-lightbox-slideshow=\"df6af43\" data-elementor-lightbox-title=\"John Hopfield\" data-e-action-hash=\"#elementor-action%3Aaction%3Dlightbox%26settings%3DeyJpZCI6Mjk4MDgsInVybCI6Imh0dHBzOlwvXC93d3cuYWNjc2NpY24uY29tXC93cC1jb250ZW50XC91cGxvYWRzXC8yMDI0XC8xMFwvSm9obi1Ib3BmaWVsZC5wbmciLCJzbGlkZXNob3ciOiJkZjZhZjQzIn0%3D\" href='https:\/\/www.accscicn.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/10\/John-Hopfield.png'><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"768\" height=\"508\" src=\"https:\/\/www.accscicn.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/10\/John-Hopfield-768x508.png\" class=\"attachment-medium_large size-medium_large\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.accscicn.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/10\/John-Hopfield-768x508.png 768w, https:\/\/www.accscicn.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/10\/John-Hopfield-300x198.png 300w, https:\/\/www.accscicn.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/10\/John-Hopfield-18x12.png 18w, https:\/\/www.accscicn.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/10\/John-Hopfield.png 992w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 768px) 100vw, 768px\" \/><\/a>\n\t\t\t<\/div><\/figure><figure class='gallery-item'>\n\t\t\t<div class='gallery-icon landscape'>\n\t\t\t\t<a data-elementor-open-lightbox=\"yes\" data-elementor-lightbox-slideshow=\"df6af43\" data-elementor-lightbox-title=\"Geoffrey Hinton\" data-e-action-hash=\"#elementor-action%3Aaction%3Dlightbox%26settings%3DeyJpZCI6Mjk4MDcsInVybCI6Imh0dHBzOlwvXC93d3cuYWNjc2NpY24uY29tXC93cC1jb250ZW50XC91cGxvYWRzXC8yMDI0XC8xMFwvR2VvZmZyZXktSGludG9uLnBuZyIsInNsaWRlc2hvdyI6ImRmNmFmNDMifQ%3D%3D\" href='https:\/\/www.accscicn.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/10\/Geoffrey-Hinton.png'><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"768\" height=\"508\" src=\"https:\/\/www.accscicn.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/10\/Geoffrey-Hinton-768x508.png\" class=\"attachment-medium_large size-medium_large\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.accscicn.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/10\/Geoffrey-Hinton-768x508.png 768w, https:\/\/www.accscicn.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/10\/Geoffrey-Hinton-300x198.png 300w, https:\/\/www.accscicn.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/10\/Geoffrey-Hinton-18x12.png 18w, https:\/\/www.accscicn.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/10\/Geoffrey-Hinton.png 992w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 768px) 100vw, 768px\" \/><\/a>\n\t\t\t<\/div><\/figure>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c7ba2c0 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"c7ba2c0\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><span style=\"font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit;\">John J. Hopfield naci\u00f3 en 1933 en Chicago, EE.UU. Se doctor\u00f3 en la Universidad de Cornell, EE.UU., en 1958. Actualmente es profesor en la Universidad de Princeton (EE.UU.).<\/span><\/p>\n<p>Geoffrey E. Hinton naci\u00f3 en 1947 en Londres (Reino Unido). Se doctor\u00f3 en la Universidad de Edimburgo (Reino Unido) en 1978. Actualmente es profesor en la Universidad de Toronto (Canad\u00e1).<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-6db41f5e\" data-id=\"6db41f5e\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5d360aed elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"5d360aed\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<style>\/*! elementor - v3.21.0 - 20-05-2024 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class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Noticias relacionadas<\/h2>\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>2024\u5e74\u8bfa\u8d1d\u5c14\u7269\u7406\u5b66\u5956\u63ed\u6653 \u5317\u4eac\u65f6\u95f41 [&hellip;]<\/p>","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":29809,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"site-sidebar-layout":"default","site-content-layout":"","ast-site-content-layout":"default","site-content-style":"default","site-sidebar-style":"default","ast-global-header-display":"","ast-banner-title-visibility":"","ast-main-header-display":"","ast-hfb-above-header-display":"","ast-hfb-below-header-display":"","ast-hfb-mobile-header-display":"","site-post-title":"","ast-breadcrumbs-content":"","ast-featured-img":"","footer-sml-layout":"","theme-transparent-header-meta":"","adv-header-id-meta":"","stick-header-meta":"","header-above-stick-meta":"","header-main-stick-meta":"","header-below-stick-meta":"","astra-migrate-meta-layouts":"set","ast-page-background-enabled":"default","ast-page-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-4)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center 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